Monday, 19 March 2012

Ask expatriates to contribute to Indian language Wikipedias

An Indian esperantist Giridhar Rao reports (in Esperanto) a suggestion that came out during the visit of a Wikipedia Foundation member to Delhi for a meeting. There the host(?) suggested asking expatriate Indians to contribute to Wikipedia in Indian languages other than English. The person who suggested this thinks they will be suitable to ameliorate local language Wikipedias because of their "nostalgia" and the diligence they show learning their "mother tongue."

Those attending the meeting also discussed the problems they have to face in finding young Indians who can "read and write fluently in Indian languages." Looking for reasons they appear to come to the conclusion that the use of English as a medium of instruction is at the root of the problem. This, a Tamil Wikipedia contributor said, creates a situation in which students are "neither good at expressing themselves in the local language nor in English."

He is right. This is indeed the situation in India. Most youngsters can't even recite the alphabet of their local language in order, their grip on the script is weak, they increasingly always write in Roman characters and invariably all of them are "fluent" in English but have some "hesitation" expressing themselves (= have poor English).

The problem is there but the solution is not to go to the NRIs crying for HELP! There has to be a right diagnosis if we are to weed out the problem. They should understand that:
  1. An average Indian doesn't speak even one language fluently is an indication of the dismal state of our antiquated, inefficient and ineffective education system. It is not because of teaching local languages as a subject and using English as the medium of instruction. We can learn from Singapore. And, 
  2. Spending scare resources on attracting NRIs at the expense of raising awareness at home isn't going to be a productive strategy.
In the next post I will try to analyse why Indians don't contribute to the Wikipedia, and perhaps propose some "indigenous" solutions! 

Saturday, 17 March 2012

Hindi / Punjabi derogatory terms and swear words

Dear Dmitri,

This post is in response to your comment. I am glad at least someone is reading! 

So here we go: 

Being a freeter (past few months) and with very little social interaction here, I don't think I am the right person to compile a list of Hindi and Punjabi derogatory terms and swear words. Still I will try. After all I have spend more than two decades here and despite my best attempts I can't unlearn these words which I picked up at different times. 

Here is a list of the words I know with their English translations. (This is by no means an exhaustive list.)

Abbreviations used:

H - Hindi = Urdu = Hindustani
Pb. - Punjabi
Sr. - source
cr. - corruption
b. - benign
s. - slightly offensive
o. - offensive

Derogatory names for religions and nationalities
  1. muslā (H, Pb) - a Muslim man, a follower of Islam (Sr: cr. of Muslim)
  2. muslī (H, Pb) - a Muslim woman (Sr: cr. of Muslim)
  3. kaṭuā (H, Pb) - a Muslim man (Sr: refers to circumcision Muslims undergo, literally 'cut' )
  4. cīnī-mīnī (H, Pb) - a Chinese person, or anyone with Chinese facial characteristics  (Sr: cr. of  Cīnī, 'Chinese')
  5. cinkaṇ (H, Pb) - a Chinese woman, or with Chinese facial characteristics  (Sr: cr. of  Cīnī)
  6. cinkī (H, Pb) - a Chinese woman, or  with Chinese facial characteristics  (Sr: cr. of  Cīnī)
  7. kāṃcū (H, Pb) - a Nepalese man
  8. kāṃcā (H, Pb) - a Nepalese man
  9. kāṃcū-mancū (H, Pb) - a Nepalese man
  10. habśī (H, Pb) - an African, or anyone with a dark skin (Sr. from Arabic, 'cannibal')
Depending on the tone of a speaker, these terms that can or cannot be derogatory
  1. bholpurī (Pb) - a descendant of refugees who migrated to India during the partition from Bahawalpur
  2. bhāpā (Pb) - a descendant of Sikh-Hindu refugees who came to India from Pakistan during partition. They are treated the same way, Jews are treated in Europe or North America. Everyone hates them but they are very successful. The Indian prime-minister is a bhapa.
  3. bāpū (Pb) - it means 'father' but educated people consider it uncultured and it's rarely heard in the cities
  4. gorā (H, Pb) - an Englishman, anyone with a fair skin
  5. bihārī (H, Pb) - a migrant worker (chiefly a manual labourer) from Bihar
  6. bhayīā (H, Pb) - a migrant worker (mainly who does manual work) from Uttar Pradesh
Swear words
  1. marjāna (H, Pb) (b) - used to express surprise. If your friend scares the hell out of you, you may smile at your reaction and say: Marjane! Why did you do that? 
  2. kuttā (H, Pb) (m) - between friends it denotes intimacy, otherwise you are literally calling another person a 'dog'
  3. kuttī (H, Pb) (m) - variant of  kuttā, used for women
  4. ulū kā paṭhā (H)/ulū dā paṭhā (Pb) (b) - silly, simpleton. It is not used for persons the speaker is unfamiliar to.
  5. bhaincod (H, Pb) (o) - sisterfucker
  6. māṃcod (H, Pb) (o) - motherfucker
  7. cūtiyā (H, Pb) (m) - sucker. However, it can be used amongst friends without offending the other person
  8. mamā/momā (H, Pb) (o) - breast
  9. mame/mome (H, Pb) (o) - bosom
These are also swear words but I don't know what they mean. They make no sense, at least to me. Nonetheless you can bet to hear them when the speaker is really pissed off for some reason.
  1. terī bhain dī lan (H, Pb) (o) - your sister's willy
  2. terī māṃ dī lan (H, Pb) (o) - your mother's willy
  3. māṃ dā loṛā (H, Pb) (o) - (you are a) dick of your mother
  4. bhain dā loṛā (H, Pb) (o) - (you are a) dick of your sister
Have never used a swear word so far (I am not joking or being snobbish!). So I don't have a long list. 

Saturday, 10 March 2012

Lista del plus potente indianos

In februario 2012 The Indian EXPRESS publicava su nove lista del 100 indianos le plus potente. Le anno passate le Chef-judice de India S H Kapadia era le indiano le plus potente secundo le jornal. 

Esse anno le secretario general del plus popular partito politic in le pais - le Indian National Congress (INC), o simplemente, Congresso - Rahul Gandhi es le indiano le plus potente.

Le prime ministro indian Manmohan Singh non occupa le prime loco in le lista. Su rango es tertie. Le presidente del INC se trova in le secunde position.

Io non pote listar tote le nomines; io es multo pigre. Pro esso, a basso io lista solmente dece del plus potente indianos con su photographia, etate, occupation e su vice in le mesme lista in 2011.


DECE LE PLUS POTENTE INDIANOS
secundo
The Indian EXPRESS


1. Rahul Gandhi
Etate: 41
Occupation: Secretario General de Congresso
Vice in 2011: 12









2. Sonia Gandhi
Etate: 65
Occupation: Presidente de Congresso
Vice in 2011: 2








3. Manmohan Singh
Etate: 79
Occupation: Prime Ministro de India
Vice in 2011: 4







4. Mohan Bhagwat
Etate: 61
Occupation: Chef de Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (Organisation National de Voluntarios)
Vice in 2011: 42









5. Sushma Swaraj
Etate: 60
Occupation: Chef de Opposition in Lok Sabha (Camera del Communes)
Vice in 2011: 3




6. Arun Jaitley
Etate: 59
Occupation: Chef de Opposition in Rajya Sabha (Camera del Representatives)
Vice in 2011: 13






7. Mamata Banerjee
Etate: 52
Occupation: Chef-ministro de Bengal Occidental
Vice in 2011: 7





8. Pranab Mukherjee
Etate: 76
Occupation: Ministro de Financia
Vice in 2011: 14






9. AK Antony
Etate: 71
Occupation: Ministro de Defensa
Vice in 2011: 10





10. P Chidambaram
Etate: 66
Occupation: Ministro de Affaires Domestic
Vice in 2011: 15